Coordinated by the Federal Reserve (Fed) global efforts to reduce the cost of borrowing for banks as well as demonstrate the power of the State Central Bank to revive the market and its limited ability to address European debt crisis. The stock markets around the world grew and profitability in most European government bonds fell after the Fed on Wednesday and five other central banks lowered the cost of emergency dollar loans to financial institutions outside the U.S.. At the same time central banks refrained from more drastic measures such as buying bonds or providing guarantees. the Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke again using cards played during the financial crisis that followed the bursting mortgage bubble in the U.S. in 2008 now measures designed to protect markets and the global economy from fiscal shocks in Europe.
“The actions of the banks against the consequences of the crisis, but did not solve the causes which have given rise”, said John Reading, chief economist at RDQ Economics LLC. “We must do something to stabilize the debt situation in the Eurozone”, said Reading, a former Fed economist and Bank of England. “This means the European Central Bank (ECB) to start buying more bonds than ever before”, he added.
Read the full story

The Federal Reserve (Fed) should start the withdrawal of its programs for injection of liquidity before inflation becomes a serious problem, says Jeffrey Lakar, president of the Central Bank in Richmond. After the Fed meet 50% of its second program of liquidity injections worth 600 billion dollars, known as the QE2, the price increase is already tangible, he said. Lakar said the Fed should anticipate the trend and to launch a review of the program for infusing liquidity now while the economy is still in the initial phase of recovery.
“The recovery is stable, growth will accelerate,” he says. “At this stage the business cycle should withdraw monetary stimulus in order not to let inflation.”
Better is the central bank to start selling bonds before interest rates increase, says Lakar. The Fed monetary policy aimed to create a healthy level of inflation by between 1% and 2%, which would be indication that the economy grew by controllable pace.

The reduction in unemployment over the past two months is an encouraging signal, said today the President of the U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke. But he warned that it would take several years to recover normal levels of employment. In a speech to the Budget Committee to the House of Representatives Bernanke told The Associated Press, also warned that failure to develop a plan to reduce the budget deficit of 1 trillion. dollars in the long run could harm the economy. In January, unemployment in the U.S. marked level of 9 percent after the most rapid decline of its two 53. This fall “gives some grounds for optimism about jobs,” said Bernanke. The Fed chairman noted that unemployment remains too high. In his labor market is improving, but slowly. The central banker said that the economy has recovered just over 1 million lost by more than 8 million jobs during the worst recession in generations. According to Bernanke unemployment is likely to remain high for some time. The central banker urged Congress to act now to reduce the budget deficit to not have at a later stage to take “painful” measures under pressure from the markets. Ben Bernanke has denied any inflationary pressures in the U.S. economy and protect liberal monetary policy the central bank.
Read the full story

The Federal Reserve (Fed) surpassed China and is now the largest owner of U.S. federal debt, although it has not gotten half the bonds worth 600 billion dollars from the program announced in November for the infusion of liquidity. On Thursday last week the Fed has held U.S. bonds to 1.108 trillion dollars. According to the latest data on foreign creditors of the U.S., the government bonds, which China holds are about 896 billion dollars, and for Japan – to 877 billion dollars.
“By June the Fed has accumulated to U.S. bonds worth 1.6 trillion. dollars – roughly the total U.S. debt held by China and Japan combined, “said Richard Gilhuli, strategist at TD Securities. Fed surpassed China as the largest creditor of the U.S. government a few months ago, “he notes. Fed buys U.S. debt in two programs. The largest is the program for injection of liquidity known as the QE2, which was launched in November and the buying of U.S. bonds to 600 billion dollars by June. Fed buys U.S. bonds and also for $ 30 billion each month, reinvest the payments of mortgages it holds. By June the Federal Reserve plans to acquire federal debt of $ 800 billion in both programs. Since November he bought bonds of 284 billion dollars. Fed provides 67% of bonds purchased QE2, have a maturity of between 4.5 and 10 years. Only 5% of acquired so far are bonds with a maturity longer than 17 years. Last Friday, the yield on 30-year U.S. Treasuries briefly climbed to their highest levels since April.
Read the full story

The Fed lowered its forecast for U.S. economy for this and next year and said it may take several years until the economy fully recovers. According to the transcript of the meeting of the Fed’s Nov. 3, which was published on Tuesday, more than half of the directors of the Central Bank believe that it will take about 5 or 6 years, so that unemployment, growth and inflation to return to more normal levels. Other representatives of the Fed warned that full recovery may take even more time. Much lower estimate is the main reason the Fed’s directors decided earlier this month to announce a plan for injection of liquidity amounting to 600 billion dollars that the central bank to acquire long-term U.S. bonds. The plan was criticized by some economists, politicians and representatives of foreign central banks. The Fed expects the economy to grow by between 2.4 percent and 2.5 percent this year, compared with an earlier forecast for growth of 3.0% – 3.5%. The U.S. Department of Economy announced on Tuesday that the economy grew by 2.5 percent in the third quarter, compared with 1.7 percent in the second but less than 3.7 percent during the first three months of the year.
Read the full story

The hope of American taxpayers to obtain restitution of the rescue of Bear Stearns and AIG, which cost the country billions of dollars, be increased yesterday after the Federal Reserve reported capital gains from assets purchased from both companies. Increasing the value of mortgage bonds, which caused the collapse of Bear Stearns and AIG stood on the brink of bankruptcy has led to a capital gain of all three investment schemes, which are concentrated assets of both companies, reports Financial Times. Accounting profit, which the Fed reported in the three schemes, known as Maiden Lane I, II and III, demonstrated an increase in the value of the securities, which were recently described as “toxic”. This can lead to decay of the criticisms of the central bank of the billions that were off to rescue the financial system from collapse. According to official data, lost profits or the difference between the market value of securities and loans granted by the government to purchase, was 10.8 billion dollars on Wednesday, the newspaper added. Two of the investment schemes were designed to remove problem assets from the balance of billions of dollars of AIG. They have been profitable for quite some time, while the third – that in which they were collected at the bad assets of Bear Stearns, just out of a plus.
Read the full story

The unemployment rate in the U.S. is expected to remain well above 7 percent by the end of 2012 and throughout the term of the current U.S. president Barack Obama. It said Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke before Congress, said New York Times. He will need time to recover all the 8.5 million jobs, removed during the recession in the U.S. in 2008 and 2009. Ben Bernanke is concerned that the economic outlook and financial conditions in the country remain unusually uncertain, and warns that the fiscal crisis in Europe has become an obstacle to economic growth in recent months. Speaking on the occasion of his presentation was a semi-annual monetary policy report to the Federal Reserve to Congress. Analysts say his tone is become much more cautious than the presentation of the last report in February. Bernanke confirmed in his speech that the economic expansion that began in mid 2009, continues but with lower rates. That contributes significant support from governments and central banks with their common fiscal and monetary policy. He expects that the growing demand of households and businesses will help sustain growth, despite incentives from the government will have less effect.
Read the full story

The leaders of the U.S. Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke and European Central Bank (ECB) Jean-Claude Trichet stressed in separate statements that developing economies are a key factor for global financial stability. According to Bernanke the global economy increasingly dependent on emerging markets to maintain strong domestic demand and economic and financial stability. The improvement of policies and regulatory frameworks in emerging markets has an effect beyond those economies themselves, he said. In a separate statement prepared for a press conference during a meeting of finance ministers and heads of central banks of the G-20 in South Korea at the end of this week, Trichet stated that developing economies have been a source of strength in the world financial crisis. Characteristic aspect of this crisis was that going from industrialized economies. Developing countries were also severely affected, but as a group remained the lifeblood of the global economy, Trichet said in a pre-prepared statement for the press conference. Speaking of Bernanke is also pre-recorded for the event. Bernanke gives an example South Korea, saying the government and the central bank of the country, launched after the Asian financial crisis of the late 90’s of last century, helped South Korea to resist the current crisis.
Read the full story

The U.S. Federal Reserve will probably raise its main interest within six months, with between a quarter and half percentage points, according to a survey of the National Association of Business Economics (NABE), said. According to the survey, conducted every six months, most of NABE economists find this almost zero interest rate the Fed is appropriate. More and more of them, however, feel that it is too stimulating. “The majority believes that the increase in interest rates over the next six months is as likely and appropriate,” said NABE president Lynn Riyzar. According to the Fed’s high unemployment and low inflation to justify keeping interest rates extremely low for an extended period. The data indicate that the economy has gradually recovered and by some leaders of the Fed Reserve needs to start preparing the markets for the tightening of financial conditions. Economists interviewed by NABE, believe that the suspension of purchases of mortgage securities by the Fed will increase interest rates on mortgage loans with an average of 42 basis points. The program, worth 1.25 trillion. dollars, will be discontinued at the end of the month. 44% of the respondents believe that inadequate regulatory oversight was the main reason for the deep financial crisis, which led the country to a painful recession.
Read the full story

The U.S. central bank began tightening cycle of monetary policy. This happened quite a surprise, since no signals were given prior to such intentions. Policy on withdrawal of money from the system began with an increase in the discount rate that commercial banks pay the Fed on its direct loans from the central bank. He was raised by a quarter percentage point to 0,75 percent. Among the reasons the central bank is that commercial banks must rely more heavily on money markets to raise the necessary funds, rather than resorting to the services of the Fed. These changes are considered as a step toward normalization of credit facilities the Fed,” says the official release of the institution. “No change is expected to lead to further tightening in financial conditions for households and businesses and they are not intended to signal a change in the outlook for the economy or monetary policy,” the Fed explained. After news of the dollar shot up sharply since the central bank’s actions are perceived by the market as a signal that is to tighten monetary policy. The dollar jumped to a level of 1,3485 EUR / USD, as at an earlier stage had reached a level of 1,3444 EUR / USD.
Read the full story